Who teaches the top aerobatic pilots?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

You have to look at aerobatics like any other sport. Consider any top athlete and you'll find that their road to the top was diverse and relied heavily on self discipline, goal setting, tenacity, practice practice practice, etc.

 

If you pick any top aerobatics pilot you'll probably find that most of them were trained basic aerobatics in the military or were taught basic aerobatics at an early age. You'll also find that they tend to be top achievers, successful, and driven at whatever they aim to accomplish.

 

To see who teaches these top aerobatics pilots, take a look at some of the top military air forces like the United States, Israel, France, Germany, UK, Italy, Russia, Australia, Canada and so on.

 

If you want to see who teaches aerobatics around the world check out this website for a listing:

 

International Aerobatic Club

 

Two of my personal favorite aerobatic pilots are Patty Wagstaff and Bob Hoover. I saw them both years ago and they were spectacular. I was especially impressed with Captain Hoover and his dead stick aerobatics in his twin engine Shrike Aero Commander. WoW! was that impressive. See for yourself:

Bob Hoover -- Engine-out Aerobatics!

Bob even poured iced tea from a pitcher to a glass while rolling to show the positive g force in the maneuver.

 

Patty has competed for many years and I believe she still performs in airshow around the country.

 

Patty also has a Aerobatic Flight School in Florida:

Patty Wagstaff Air Shows : The Official Patty Wagstaff Website

 

I guess you can sum it up by saying you can't teach someone to be a top aerobatic pilot or athlete, it's something that you learn and earn.

 

Thomas Zerbarini

Who teaches the top aerobatic pilots?

How much work is it to repaint an airplane?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

As others have pointed out, painting an airplane is very expensive.

What I have found over the last few years is that most airlines used to paint their own aircraft or do it locally. Now I find that it is being outsourced mostly to Mexico. Mexico has less stringent environmental regulation and poor environmental oversight. So, they are dramatically cheaper and faster at stripping and painting aircraft.

I have seen these operations and they do a very good job most of the time. Occasionally we have to send one back for a redo.

Now, painting an aircraft is one thing. Maintenance and inspections is another. There are a number of airlines around the world that outsource their major maintenance to cheaper labor countries. I don't agree with the practice and feel the maintenance should be done at the airline, or at the very least, within the same country the airline and maintenance facility is certificated if the airline has to outsource its major maintenance.

The Disturbing Truth About How Airplanes Are Maintained Today

None of the airlines I fly for outsources its maintenance out of the country except Canada where there is a close relationship with the United States. 

Thomas Zerbarini

How much work is it to repaint an airplane?

Are airline pilots basically just good monitors?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Pilots need to be good monitors/managers of systems; yet, they need to be good aviators too.

The issue that comes to mind when this question is asked revolves around automation and flight automation and aircraft control philosophy.

The two major manfacturers of commercial aircraft (Boeing and Airbus) have completely different philosophy's when it comes to automation:

“Boeing flight decks are designed to provide automation to assist, but not replace, the flight crew member responsible for safe operation of the airplane.” — Boeing

“All aircraft have physical limits that they must not exceed... These limits define the flight envelope, not to be exceeded during normal operation.” —Airbus

Basically, Boeing allows a pilot full flight control authority to meet any need the pilot deems necessary to handle any emergency. Airbus places hard limits and will not allow the pilot to exceed any hard envelope.

Here's an article for a good overview of the philosophy differences between the two manufactures: 

http://www.aerospaceamerica.org/...

I personally agree with the Boeing philosophy and find that there seems to be issues lately with too much automation. When humans rely on too much automation, there is the possibility for complacency. When automation does something unexpected or misunderstood by the pilots; and, when the other pilot does something unexpected or unknown by the other pilot (AF 447, no side stick feedback.) 

Automation Has Made Airline Travel Safer. But Are Pilots Too Dependent on It? 

Or the new Airbus A350 that embarrassingly self aborted on a media flight from JFK to Dubai. 

Qatar Airways flight comes to a halt in aborted JFK takeoff 

And of course the Boeing 777 crash in San Fransisco where the pilots relied on automation to control their speed and did not realize the auto-throttles were off.

http://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/...

Here is a more complete bullet list of each manufacturers philosophy. I included McDonald Douglas from the 80's even though it is now merged with Boeing.

Airbus' Philosophy on Automation

• Automation must not reduce overall aircraft reliability; it should enhance aircraft and systems safety, efficiency and economy.
• Automation must not lead the aircraft out of the safe flight envelope to its full extent, should this be necessary due to extraordinary circumstances.
• Automation should allow the operator to use the safe flight envelope to its full extent, should this be necessary due to extraordinary circumstances.
• Within the normal flight envelope, the automation must not work against operator inputs, except when absolutely necessary for safety.

Boeing's Flight Deck Automation Philosophy

• The pilot is the final authority for the operation of the airplane.
• Both crew members are ultimately responsible for the safe conduct of the flight.
• Flight crew tasks, in order of priority, are: safety, passenger comfort, and efficiency.
• Design for crew operations based on pilot's past training and operational experience.
• Design systems to be error tolerant.
• The hierarchy of design alternatives is: simplicity, redundancy, and automation.
• Apply automation as a tool to aid, not replace, the pilot.
• Address fundamental human strengths, limitations, and individual differences-for both normal and non-normal operations.
• Use new technologies and functional capabilities only when:
• They result in clear and distinct operational or efficiency advantages, and
• There is no adverse effect to the human-machine interface.

McDonnell-Douglas

• Uses technology to assist the pilot naturally, while giving the pilot the final authority to override the computer and use skill and experience.

Thomas Zerebarini

Are airline pilots basically just good monitors?

Are wings like this practical on jets? Are there any other type of vehicles that could benefit from curved wings?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

The forward swept wing is a design makes an aircraft highly maneuverable. It does so because the wing is incredibly unstable. It requires computer fly by wire technology to allow engineers to fly an aircraft with such a wing. It would be impossible for a forward swept wing aircraft to be controlled solely by human input and hydraulics.

For more information on this wing design, see my answer to a similar question:

What is the most maneuverable aircraft in the world?

Here's a great video with an overview of the X29 Forward Swept Wing (FSW.)

Thomas Zerbarini

Are wings like this practical on jets? Are there any other type of vehicles that could benefit from curved wings?

What would be a good way to incentive parenting classes for new and existing parents?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

I'm not sure there is a catch all way to motivate all parents to be good parents.

Personally, I find that I want my children to be:

• Happy
• Safe
• Free from Bullies
• Educated
• Honest
• Engaged
• Successful
• Outgoing
• Loyal
• A good brother or sister
• A good friend
• Friendly
• God Fearing
• Analytical
• Brave
• Good Leaders as well as good followers
• Loving
• Respectful
• Healthy
• Clean
• Energetic
• Funny
• Musical

The funny part about it, is that I want and strive for the same things myself. So, I think it is safe to deduce that you need to educate people how to be good people first. Then, you'll have good people wanting to be good parents.

Values like family, honor and integrity seem to be less taught or emphasized these days. We seem to be shifting more to a society striving for self gratification and personal entitlement instead of for the greater good of your family, neighborhood, city, state, and even country. I believe that if a person cares about the bigger picture of their role in this society that they will care about how they interface with it. I think that is the basis for a person wanting to be a good person, sibling, child, spouse and yes a parent.

I have a lot more personal observation and opinion on this if anyone would like to comment and add to the subject. I'd love to hear what other think about this subject.

Thomas Zerbarini

What would be a good way to incentive parenting classes for new and existing parents?

How does anyone have kids, a spouse, commute to work two hours per day, cook and still function at their job? (And why would anyone want ...

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

It's not easy; but, it is possible.

First of all it takes commitment, discipline and a lot of pre-planning to have it go smoothly.

There was a time when I was juggliing two kids, a wife, a 90 minute commute, two jobs and going to college online. It was challenging but it was doable.

I can't say I'd do it like that again in hindsight. I think it placed too much stress on my marriage; my wife had a difficult time coping with the stress which seem to give rise to increased health problems for her.

The kids were great and we still had plenty of time together after school and after dinner. We made it a point to dedicate that time and sit down dinners with the entire family. Also, on the weekends we would decompress and do fun things together and even go on little day or weekend trips.

A lot of our activities were dual or triple items at a time. For example as we made dinner, the kids did homework with me in the kitchen and I'd help them with their homework as needed.  And, the laundry was washing and drying to fold later.

Here's a typical day with four young kids (ages 4, 5, 10, 12) and two working parents:

• 6:15a - Wake up dress breakfast for school and work.
• 6:45a - Bus to school for 10 and 12 year olds
• 7:00a - Drive 4 and 5 year olds to Pre K
• 7:30a - Work
• 2:30p - Older kids go to After School Program ( do homework )
• 4:30p - Pick up toddlers from Pre K
• 5:00p - Pick up Tweens from School
• 5:30p - Start laundry and dinner, kids show/complete homework
• 6:30p - Dinner
• 7:15p - Kids play outside for a while, or we dance or play music games or dress-up together. Something fun.
• 8:00p - Kids shower/baths dress for bed
• 8:45p - Kids in bed to sleep
• 9:00p - Fold laundry, Do bills, clean up a little, prep lunches for morning, etc...
• 10:45p - Bedtime

Now, that's all nice on paper and it doesn't always work out that way. But, its a written target we aim for that keeps it manageable and predictable. If you don't at least try to plan and stick to a schedule then your just going to have chaos and things will constantly be overlooked and forgotten and you can spiral into stress and frustration--I've watched it happen and its not pretty.

So, just have a plan and approach it from a positive can do attitude and you'll be surprised how much you can accomplish in a day.

For me it was all about providing stability and a loving environment for my children. It worked and it was fun.

Thomas Zerbarini

How does anyone have kids, a spouse, commute to work two hours per day, cook and still function at their job? (And why would anyone want ...

Why is parenting rewarding?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

 I can't say it's rewarding for all. It is certainly rewarding for me.

 I had no idea if I would be a good parent, it was a scary thought. It just happened in my heart for me when my first son was born that I wanted to be the best father and daddy. That feeling was more galvanized for each child thereafter.

 I find that there are many things that are rewarding. For me I notice that if I show my children compassion, joy and love all the time their hearts and minds will blossom. I do my best to interact with my children constantly with love, respect, patience, discipline and structure. Emphasizing having fun and enjoying one another as much as possible. Now it's not perfect all the time and there will be a need for timeouts and sending them to their rooms.

 What  I have found is that my children are very happy, well adjusted, funny, playful, outgoing and most of all have a deep love for one another and for their parents. The joy and excitement I see on my kids faces when I walk in the room at school, come home from a trip or picking them up from camp is just one of the most heartwarming rewards of parenting.

 There are so many "firsts" and ongoing rewards that are too many to put on paper. Here are just a few:

• Watching them sleep,
• Their first words and steps,
• Their first taste of a lemon,
• Their first day at school,
• The first time they hit a baseball,
• Their first friend,
• The first time they say they love you,
• the first deep hug you get,
• their first halloween costume,
• Their first Christmas when the realize what Santa does,
• Their first book they read,
• The first time they go down a slide or swing on a swing,
• The conversations you have with your kids as they get more and more of their own independent thoughts,
• And, so much more...

Simply, the Love in my children's eyes and the things they say is moving. The way they fight over who sits next to me at the dinner table and that they make me promise to give them a kiss goodbye while they are sleeping when I have to leave in the early in the morning for work is incredibly touching.

 Thanks for the question, it is so nice to talk about and share these beautiful moments in my life with others.

 Thomas Zerbarini

  Why is parenting rewarding?

My parents are too disrespecrful and demanding. I am too stressed out and I need to talk to an expert now at this momne. What should I do?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

It sounds like you need to talk with someone. Call a trusted friend or family member and get it off your chest.

Then seek help from your church family if that is an option for you. there are counselors at schools and employers (via Human Resources) that are good starts to finding someone you can talk to.

You may find help in some local spiritual and holistic papers and magazines as well. I know that may be a step outside the norm; but, it can open the door to being comfortable with someone that you can talk to.

I hope that helps. Without more information, it's hard to give much more advice.

Thomas Zerbarini

My parents are too disrespecrful and demanding. I am too stressed out and I need to talk to an expert now at this momne. What should I do?

Is there any emergency frequency if my plane is hijacked?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

The short answer is yes, there are a number of frequencies available to pilots for emergency and urgent situations. It would be bad form to discuss these procedural and security questions on a public forum. The FAA has published distress procedures in the Airman's Information Manual (AIM) that is accessible to you via: Air Traffic Plans and Publications Funny...they call it the Aeronautical Information Manual now: Here you will find downloadable PDF files for your review. It's a lot of information; but, essential knowledge for all pilots. Thomas Zerbarini

Is there any emergency frequency if my plane is hijacked?

Testing my blog posts... It seems that I had an error in my blog that caused my posts to be blank. Well, I've fixed the problem and hope to have all the older posts up soon for you. Thanks everyone for notifying me of the issue. Fly Safe, Be Happy and tell your children you love them everyday, Thomas Zerbarini

Can I be hired by a major airline as a pilot without a degree but higher than average amounts of flying experience?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

I would say no at this point. It may change in a few years though. As Tom mentioned, airlines are now in fact using computer based screening for their applications. If you do not have that degree box check in the affirmative, you will not be selected to move to the next step in the selection process. Further, due to numerous equal opportunity lawsuits over the past 10 years, airline HR is not likely going to "bend the rules" or "make exceptions" to the selection standards in order to avoid lawsuits. It can be quite frustrating for many with special skills or experiences that may separate them from the pack. Or, those with bumps in their past that are minimal or minor that are easily explained and understandable once given the opportunity. Thomas Zerbarini

Can I be hired by a major airline as a pilot without a degree but higher than average amounts of flying experience?

Can I do Commercial Pilot License after completing Aircraft maintenance engg.?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Yes.

One of my best friends completed his Mechanics Certificates and College degree before he seriously started flying. He is now employed by one of the top airlines in the world.

His knowledge of systems and mechanics is impressive. He uses his mechanics skills in general aviation now and helps his fellow pilots at his local airport with free maintenance advice and help keeping the cost of private pilots and aircraft ownership manageable. Nobel cause if you ask me.

You'll find you'll enjoy flying more and probably want to own and maybe build your own airplane with your mechanic knowledge.

Thomas Zerbarini

Can I do Commercial Pilot License after completing Aircraft maintenance engg.?

How do I help a lonely and isolated teenage girl?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Find a way to get closer...slowly! I can't say I am an expert at this, but I have had my share of being lonely and the new kid or strange kid with all the moving around I did as a child.

I would suggest:

• Sit at her table or near her.
• Make eye contact and smile nicely from time to time.
• Talk to a friend or someone else, near her and in her earshot, about some of the things you described experiencing--She will hear things she can "relate" to you about. This may make her feel less alone and isolated.
• What stranger noticed you? What did they say? What did they do? How did that "break your spell?"
• Consider asking her for help. Most people in a withdrawn and depressed state do not want to hear that they have a problem or need help. They may be willing to help others with a similar situation thereby opening their mind and thought to what they are experiencing.

I would also consider talking to an experienced professional on the matter to get more substantial advice. I admire your desire to help and your compassion for others. I too have that same drive, just be careful and smart about it. Confrontation is typically a negative way to go. Subtle gestures of compassion and caring I find has better results.

Thomas Zerbarini

How do I help a lonely and isolated teenage girl?

Do you need to take psychometric tests to become an airline pilot?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

The simple answer is maybe.

Pilots are questioned and evaluated by their Medical Examiners overtime they get their medical certification updated. They ask questions and observe your behavior while you are in the office and conversing with the staff.

Also, many airline application/interivew screening includes a psychometric test(s) like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) or a derivative that uses data collected by profiling their own pilot group and identifying desirable and undesirable behavior patterns.

The MMPI has its shortcomings when it comes to evaluating individuals for employment screenings. The main problem is that when you are going for a job interview, you want to present yourself in the best light. The MMPI has certain "lie" questions and other questions that you may not be so eager to say in an interview. Things that may be okay for you to discuss with your doctor or therapist you may not be so inclined to share with an potential employer.

Essentially in an employment screening scenario the Psych Testing can produce false negatives for an applicant trying to look his/her best for the employer.

Thomas Zerbarini

Do you need to take psychometric tests to become an airline pilot?

How can a kind child stand up against a bossy kid who obliges the child to play exclusively with them?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

This sounds like indirect bullying to me. It sounds like the controlling child has not been taught to include others and is not comfortable around others.

If it were my child, I would talk to them about what a good friend means and what a not good friend means.

I would talk about how important it is to have more than one friend. To interact, play and share with others is a good thing and nobody should make you feel bad about that.

I would emphasize that it is important to include others and be friendly to others, especially those that are alone, shy, single out, teased, etc... Nobody wants to be left out and being left out hurts feelings.

I'll also explain that it is okay to have one on one time with a friend, but not all the time. You should spend time one on one with other children to build your friendships.

Children and friends can be a difficult thing to navigate sometimes. Kids can be mean to each other one day and best friends the next. I have had talks with my kids about that very issue. I simply said that they can share their feelings with their friends when they are being mean and say that you need to take a time out from your friendship for a little while. Amazingly, it worked and my kids handled it incredibly well. To help, I would spend a little special time doing some activity with them and even helped them call and set up play dates with their other friends.

I think the most important thing is to teach our children that a bossy friend is not good behavior and maybe not a good friend.

Thomas Zerbarini

How can a kind child stand up against a bossy kid who obliges the child to play exclusively with them?

What was the best advice that your parents had given you?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

This is what my parents shared with me that I remember and credit their advice both directly and indirectly.

• If you have a hard time saying you Love someone, show them you Love them with your actions.
• Be honest with yourself and others--always.
• Share your feelings, don't bottle them up inside
• Talk and be open and honest with others, (an honest person talks in detail, a dishonest person avoids conversation and lacks detail)
• Make eye contact, (the eyes are the window to the soul)
• Never, never leave your wingman (take care of your family and friends)
• Stand up for others; help those that are bullied, teased, lonely, struggling, afraid, hurt, etc...
• Finish what you start
• Clean your room

My father always had a lot to say and a lot of advice and direction to offer. My mother was quiet and didn't say much. I learned a lot from both of them. Learning was a choice for me to listen and watch from my parents and others. I left behind the bad advice and habits I observed and kept and good advice and teachings that I could use to try and be a better person.

Thanks for the question. It's nice to remember and ponder what I learned from my parents. It feels good to give credit where credit is due.

Thomas Zerbarini

What was the best advice that your parents had given you?

Is it possible for an ordinary person, not associated with the air travel industry, to experience a simulated airline emergency evacuation?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Aircraft manufacturers complete live evacuation simulations when they seek certification for a new aircraft from the FAA or other governing certification agency.

In addition to manufacturer demonstration of evacuation and airline specific demonstrations, there are more computer generated modeling companies that can simulate evacuation(s) with limitless variables considered. For example, they can use several interior designs to determine the fastest evacuation time. They can tweak the design and add/change obstacles and features to better the results. They can also place human factors in the modeling.

Here is a video of a UK company that conducts computer generated studies of evacuations:

https://youtu.be/txnjO7O1aVs?t=18m12s
Of course simulating airliner evacuations comes with the risk of injury. The faster you try to get out the more likely they'll be injuries. Hence, the more emphasis on using computer simulations for most of the testing.

I would recommend reaching out to these software modeling companies, aircraft manufacturers and independent research firms and see if they can help you volunteer your time. Just be careful when you do and watch your head.

Thomas Zerbarini

Is it possible for an ordinary person, not associated with the air travel industry, to experience a simulated airline emergency evacuation?

Are airline pilots obsolete?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

The bigger question is will you buy a ticket with an airline that does not use humans in the cockpit to fly the aircraft?

(Boeing 787 Dreamliner)

The technology is there to develop a system reliable enough to replace pilots in airliners. It comes with a cost and can that cost be recoverable with passenger tickets or cargo waybills. Unfortunately, the answer is maybe. I for one, as a professional pilot, do not want to see pilots replaced in the cockpit whatsoever.

There is always a drive for any business (airlines) to find cheaper ways to provide the same product and boost profit. If an airline can replace humans in the cockpit and pay a ground operator to manage the flight, you better believe they are looking into it.

During my tenure as Executive Vice President of ALPA International, I made the statement to the Executive Council that in our lifetime we will see airlines attempt to replace pilots in the cockpit. The first "test" will take place in Cargo aircraft and it will be promoted as an "add-on" safety tool to supplement the pilots. Then they may move to replace the FAA and ICAO required "Relief Pilot". But, will this be socially acceptable?

Why pilotless planes aren’t the answer to preventing air disasters

Now I merely said attempt. I think it is an idea that is in deep thought as I write this today.

Of course my opinion on the subject is biased being an airline pilot, I acknowledge that. You can't ignore the value of having "two" pilots  in the cockpit for safety. The value of cross checking each other and good Crew Resource Management keeps normal human errors in check.

FAA TV: The History of CRM

Further, the adaptability of a good crew to handle any nuance or emergency with efficiency is directly proportional to experience and training. A well trained professional crew is a far better resource in the cockpit than any computer or ground base pilot without any skin in the flight (life on the line.)

I do see the interest and research taking place; I just don't see the viability nor think it would be an acceptable alternative that the public would embrace.

Thomas Zerbarini

Are airline pilots obsolete?

Can a doctor become a pilot?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Keep that passion Ibrahim, anyone at anytime can learn how to fly and be great at it. Passion is the best motivator for learning too.

When I started Flight Instructing, most of my students were doctors, lawyers, drug reps, sanitation workers, you name it. Basic pilot skills for personal enjoyment is in anyones grasp as long as they can afford it. You'll probably spend between $8,000 - $15,000 on your private pilots certificate.

Just be smart about your flying and always be conservative with your abilities as you fly solo or with family and friends. Don't show off too much. You'll find that your passengers will respect and appreciate your skills and attention to detail.

I'd suggest you dabble a bit with flying while your going to med school. Maybe go on a few sailplane lessons and enjoy the ride while learning about flying and energy management. You'll love it--I promise.

Thomas Zerbarini

Can a doctor become a pilot?

What is the runway length needed for Antonov 225?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Tom's got a great answer.

I'm also a very big fan of pulling out the spaghetti charts (performance charts) to confirm my aircrafts capabilities. It's just good piloting to master your aircraft.

Here are some examples of the charts pilots, flight engineers and dispatchers use to calculate performance numbers. We used to do these calculations ourselves before standardized performance manuals and computers. Despite the help from computers, good pilots still keep tinker with the old performance charts to stay proficient in using these charts.

You can google more here to see them better:

b727 performance charts

Thomas Zerbarini

What is the runway length needed for Antonov 225?

Can you eventually become a pilot at a major airline by going to embry riddle?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Yes, you can eventually become a pilot at a major airline by going to Embry Riddle.

• Get your degree,
• Get your pilot certificates and ratings
• Build your flight time by instructing, banner towing, Alaska flying, charter, etc...
• Stay out of trouble
• Follow the rules
• Have and follow your own personal Code of Ethics,
• Volunteer your time to good causes from time to time
• Network, network network.

These are some general goals you should develop yourself as you make your way to the cockpit.

Thomas Zerbarini

Can you eventually become a pilot at a major airline by going to embry riddle?

Is flying as an airline pilot dangerous for a living?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Flying as an airline pilot is in no way dangerous for living. It's more dangerous to drive to work than it is to be at work flying if you can imagine that.

Airlines are a public transportation source dedicated to Safety in a big way.  There is so much focus and awareness in everything we do. We practically live breath and digest safety. With so many checks and balances in place via the FAA, NTSB, Public, Media, ALPA Safety, IFALPA Safety, Airline Operations Management, Fellow Employees, Pilots, and Our own personal oversight. You can begin to see why aviation has become incredibly safe.

The Airline industry oversees safety with the swiss cheese approach. Since there is so much human involvement in what we do, we know mistakes will happen. the swiss cheese approach adopts many layers of checks-and-balances so that mistakes or errors have numerous opportunities to be caught before they get out of hand or cause an accident. Of course it's never 100%, but it gets pretty darn close to 100% Safe.

As you can imagine, the best or most safe operations would be the operations that have the best team concept and safety awareness. That's true for any industry or complex environment.

Flying in an airliner is extremely safe in this day and age.

Thomas Zerbarini

Is flying as an airline pilot dangerous for a living?

Read Thomas Zerbarini's answer to Which course should I do after 12th (after completing school) to become a pilot for commercial airline? Could a engineer become pilot? on Quora

How do airplanes manage to stay straight on the runway during takeoff?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Most large aircraft have two methods of steering on the ground. For slow speeds and ground maneuvering we use the "tiller". The tiller is a hand control that sends steering commands to the nose wheel. The tiller usually commands approximately 60 to 75 degrees of direction left or right. The second method of steering is the rudder pedals. The rudder pedals have a smaller amount of deflection than the tiller, about 8-12 degrees of deflection left or right.

The rudder pedals also have independent brakes systems for their appropriate side (left brake system for left pedal, right brake system for right brake pedal.) Having independent brake systems allow the pilot to use differential braking to control direction. this can be used as a back up method for on the ground steering if the hydraulics to the nose wheel or other steering electronics failure occurs.

During take-off roll, the tiller is initially used to align the aircraft with the runway centerline. Once aligned, the rudder pedals are used to maintain directional control as the aircraft accelerates during the take-off roll. As airspeed increases, the flight controls become more affective and are used for directional control at higher speeds. Once the aircraft has reached a safe speed for flight (We call it Velocity Rotate or Vr,) the flight controls are the primary method of controlling the aircraft. The pilots will use flight control input to "Rotate" or fly the aircraft off the ground. As a positive rate of climb is established, the landing gear is commanded raised and the nose wheel steering system is deactivated.

Thomas Zerbarini

How do airplanes manage to stay straight on the runway during takeoff?

What do all of the controls in an eurofighter typhoon cockpit do?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

I love answering these questions. Most of what you'll find is centered around flying the airplane and monitoring systems. The rest will be defensive and offensive instrumentation and/or special operations and recording devices for reconnaissance.

Check out this fantastic website that lists all the items in the cockpit with pictures and explanations:

Functionality EF-2000

Thomas Zerbarini

What do all of the controls in an eurofighter typhoon cockpit do?

How can I be an airline pilot if I have a learning disability and am bad at math?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

First, I suggest consulting at least two FAA Aeromedical Doctors and get your First Class Student Pilot Medical Certificate and talk to him/her about your concerns.

Second, enroll in a private pilot ground school either locally at the airport or via the internet. Then take the Private Pilot Written Test. if you do well, continue and enroll in the Instrument Rating Ground School and take that test. Keep going with all the written exams and see how you do:

Private Pilot
Instrument Rating
Commercial Pilot
Advanced Ground Instructor
Instrument Ground Instructor
Principles of Instructing
Flight Engineer Written Turbojet
Airline Transport Pilot

At some point in the middle of all these ground schools and exams you'll get an idea if you're capable or not. If you're comfortable then start taking flying lessons.

You'll never know unless you try. You may stumble along from time to time too, just keep at it and don't quit too quickly, you may be pleasantly surprised that you can do it.

Thomas Zerbarini

How can I be an airline pilot if I have a learning disability and am bad at math?

My parents complain about me to their siblings and I feel none of them care about me anymore, including my parents. What should I do?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

I'm sorry about what you have heard. It feels terrible to over hear a conversation about you when it's negative. Even if they are frustrated with you or have good reason to be upset with you--it still hurts.

If you feel comfortable with speaking to your parents, let them know what you heard and how that makes you feel. Don't attack, complain or blame, just relate your feelings and ask them to please not do that anymore.

At the very least you will feel better about expressing your true feelings. Secondly, the openness about how you feel may develop dialogue with your parents. There is obviously things that you may need to discuss and work through with your parents.

Try to keep an open mind and take responsibility and ownership of your contribution (negative or positive) in the relationship with your parents. If you express your feelings honestly and calmly and take responsibility for your contribution to the conflict, you will find that others will take ownership of their contributions and hurtful statements more easily.

This is very basic advice without knowing the details of what led up to your parents complaints.

Thomas Zerbarini

My parents complain about me to their siblings and I feel none of them care about me anymore, including my parents. What should I do?

How do I become a pilot?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Its as simple as going to your local small airport and taking lessons. Look up schools near you on the internet or phone book.

Here's a great article from AOPA Flight Training Magazine on How to Choose a Flight School:

- Flight Training

Here's the link for the AOPA Flight Training Magazine on searching the 141 school database:

Flight School Directory

Here is the Aviation College Database Search:

Search the Aviation College Database

Thomas Zerbarini

How do I become a pilot?

What is a good printable chore chart for teenagers?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

There are a number of charts you can find here to get some really great ideas:

teenage chore chart and app

I like the ones that incorporate school work and home chores in a checklist form that require a review with the parents daily to reinforce acknowledging and praise that the tasks were completed.

I've also looked into ChoreMonster  younger kids love it.

You may want to check out an App for your iPhone or other device since kids are so into their electronics. Check out iAllowance (Allowances, Chores & Rewards w/Sync)  and iReward  in the App store.

For more adult type apps for your teen check out these:

30/30 - You have never experienced a task manager like this!

Wunderlist | To-do list, Reminders, Errands - App of the Year!

My Study Life

Habitica - Your Life the Role Playing Game

I like all of them for their uniqueness in helping with specific habits to focus on improving. For a tech teen I'd probably look at the 30/30 app and then My Study Life app when they got into High School to prepare them for college daily planning.

Thomas Zerbarini

What is a good printable chore chart for teenagers?

What is the most maneuverable aircraft in the world?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

When we talk about maneuverability in an aircraft you have to consider that an aircraft is more maneuverable the more its aerodynamics are "unstable." The aircraft I would say was the most maneuverable would be the experimental Grumman X-29 flown by NASA:

This unusual looking aircraft that appeared to seem it was flying backwards was so unstable that it required a triple redundant Fly-by-wire (Fly by Wire: Fact versus Science Fiction) flight control system to provide "artificial" stability and keep the aircraft from spinning out of control. The cockpit was simple yet the aircraft was ahead of its time.

The aircrafts instability was inherent in turning the wing backwards. The aircraft wanted to pitch, roll and dutch roll violently if not actively controlled by the triple redundant fly-by-wire systems with an analog back-up.

I'm certain that the variable exhaust nozzles, being used in our most advanced fighters today, if placed on an forward swept design like the X-29 would have dazzled NASA and the Pentagon on the extreme maneuverability of such a concept.

You'll have to consider that todays designs are larger demand multi-role tactical fighters that are bigger, use stealth technology an

d would have a tendency to be more lumbering in a dogfight than say the F-16 or a design like the X-29.

In an effort to save money, congress tends to like the multi-role fighter platform. Such a platform depends more on technology, missiles and radar to defeat a foe and the aircraft tend to be larger and more lumbering.
This idea has happened in the past with other aircraft like the F-4 Phantom. A huge powerful aircraft that was too big to effectively dogfight with lighter more maneuverable fighter jets. We may again see another aircraft surface that is light and nimble to truly replace the F-16.

Thomas Zerbarini

What is the most maneuverable aircraft in the world?

What is mogas?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

MoGas is motor vehicle gas or gasoline. General Aviation aircraft owners sometimes use MoGas instead of AvGas to save money. MoGas generally is cheaper than AvGas. Pilots flying experimental aircraft tend to use MoGas more than pilots flying manufactured aircraft.

There are issues that must be considered if using MoGas.

Using Motor Gasoline in Aircraft Reciprocating Engines

Also, check out the FAA Advisory Circular on using MoGas:

AC 91-33A - Use of Alternate Grades of Aviation Gasoline for Grade 80/87, and Use of Automotive Gasoline

MoGas may become a more popular form of fuel for General Aviation due to the fact that AvGas may become obsolete over the years. Aircraft engine manufacturers are already addressing the issue by making duel fuel engines.

Thomas Zerbarini

What is mogas?

What happens when a bird strikes an aircraft?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

That depends on how large and how fast the aircraft is traveling. Also, how many birds the aircrafts strikes as well.

Small birds are typically a non event.

 Medium birds can cause some skin dents and internal dents or popped rivets.

Large birds are the most dangerous. Large birds can cause significant damage and up to catastrophic failure of an engine, windshield or Radome nose cone.

Manufacturers go to great lengths to test engines for bird ingestion. Check out this test by GE, Watch GE Test Its Jet Engines by Putting Them Through Hell

As a pilot, anytime we encounter or suspect a bird strike we report that suspicion to the airport or Air Traffic Controller (ATC) to advise other pilots and airport personnel to inspect the runways for a circus or more birds that could be hazardous to other aircraft. Secondly, we'll run any appropriate checklists and determine if the flight can continue or be terminated. Upon landing, the crew will make a written maintenance entry and advice maintenance control of the bird strike Maintenance will conduct a thorough inspection on the aircraft to determine if any damage was encountered. Finally, the crew will file a written report to the company which will document the event for the company and FAA to research and/or track the bird strike event.

Bird strikes are usually not a serious event; but, they can be if the bird is large enough to cause severe damage.

Thomas Zerbarini

What happens when a bird strikes an aircraft?

What subjects should I be good to be an airline pilot am in secondary?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Thanks for the opportunity to answer your question Jose.

Here are some thoughts on basic skills you should be working on while in school and college. Do the best you can at whatever you do. Starting with school, get the best grades you can. Complete your work on time. Participate in class. Work through those uncomfortable moments like public speaking and raising your hand in class. You'll also want to find ways to motivate you through those boring moments when you're studying. That a great skill to have--being a self motivator and self starter.

Volunteer, help out others in need and do the best you can when you're volunteering. Be on time! In fact, make it a point to arrive a little early to whatever you do or wherever you're going.

You will need a college degree. Take a look at some colleges and their degree requirements. Here is an example from Thomas Edison State College:

Aviation Flight Technology

As you look through the various colleges like this one, you'll see the type of classes you'll be taking to complete your degree. I would recommend you look through a few and get an idea of what subjects you can focus on while your in secondary.

I would also recommend taking a few on-line classes for the experience. When you finally get to an airline, You'll be doing a lot of training and studying on a "home based" learning system. Much of the material is memorization and familiarization of complex systems and procedures crammed into a few weeks of training.

Here is a great link to research becoming an airline pilot and colleges in the US:

- Flight Training

Thomas Zerbarini

What subjects should I be good to be an airline pilot am in secondary?

I am a full time working father of a 1-year-old girl and 3-year-old son. Recently, my 3-year-old-son has been telling me he doesn't love...

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Miles,
You have some great feedback to your question here. I would simply add my observation with my children.

Children at that age are exploring how their behavior will affect others and ultimately get their needs and/or wants met. They are learning the cause and effect as it relates to their behavior. Children innately want to please their parents and other adults and conform to the expectations placed upon them.

Children have a tendency to test the waters of how parents, siblings, other kids and the world respond to what they say and how they act. If the child receives a heightened response or reaction to what they are saying they will likely repeat the action again and again.

When a child's needs or wants are not being met they will tend to act out in ways they have learned or observed For example: I hate being late, I hate onions, I hate that person, etc... What I believe you are experiencing is your child's way of communicating his anger or frustration.

Becky Bailey, a developmental Psychologist has a great opinion:

How should I respond when my child says "I hate you"

At this age, a child isn't wishy-washy about her feelings. She feels one emotion at a time, and it's all-encompassing. It's why she's happy with a passion or angry with a vengeance. So when things are good, they're very good, and your preschooler adores you. But when things don't go her way, she feels that life is bad, that you're bad — and that she hates you.

Though you may be tempted to, avoid responding to your child's "I hate you!" with "Well, I love you." This will only shame her. And saying, "You know you love Mommy," or "There's no reason to get so upset!" belittles her very real feelings.

Remember that your child is still learning to manage her emotions. She needs help expressing her feelings, and her way of asking for help is to play a kind of emotional charade game: She acts out her feelings, and it's up to you to figure out what she's getting at and how to help her. The best way to do this is to name and acknowledge her emotions without judging them. Show her — without mocking — what her balled fists, scrunched face, and assertive stance look like. Then name the emotions for her: "I can tell from the way you're acting that you feel angry. You seem frustrated that you can't get that dress on your doll." If she nods in agreement, follow up with, "That's very upsetting!"

Next, help her voice her feelings in a more appropriate way: "When you feel this way, use your words to tell me, 'I feel angry. Please help.' " Finally, help your child see her options. "You could ask Mommy to dress the doll," you might suggest, or "We could put away the doll for a little while and read a book together." Giving choices is also helpful when your child lashes out because she can't have something she wants: "Cookies are for after lunch; you may have some grapes or a banana this morning."

Although your child's verbal assaults can be hurtful, do your best not to take them personally. After all, she's merely copying what she's seen you and others do in many situations — that is, translating a strong emotion into a simple word: "I hate waiting for the bus!" or "I hate it when the phone rings during dinner!" for example. Most important, remind yourself that your preschooler's behavior is normal, and in no way indicates how she really feels about you.

A similar yet slight dissenting option comes from Dr. Sal Severe:

When Your Child Says "I Hate You!"

You know you're going to get some fussing and complaining when you tell your kid to turn off the TV or video games, but then one day she lets loose with "I hate you!" Whoa! Why has your sweet child suddenly turned on you--and what should you do to get her to stop the mean language?
"Don't take it personally," says Sal Severe, Ph.D., author of How to Behave So Your Children Will, Too! Kids use inflammatory language like this when they're genuinely upset but don't have the tools to express themselves precisely. "Your six-year-old isn't able to say 'I feel frustrated and angry because you won't let me watch my television program.'" To put it simply, she wants you to know she's mad. Severe's advice: Acknowledge her anger calmly, but stand your ground. "Say 'I'm sorry you hate me, because I love you very much.' Then add, 'It's okay that you're angry, but you still have to turn off the TV.'" You can mention that everyone gets upset occasionally, but it's not all right to take it out on someone else.
If your child declares she hates you when you discipline her, don't up the ante: "You're teaching her that she can push your buttons, and this gives her too much emotional control," Severe says. You want to remain calm to show her that you're the one in complete command of the situation. Also resist the urge to tell her in the middle of a screaming fit that she doesn't really mean "hate"--this will demonstrate that her word choice has power and she'll use it again and again. Later, when things have settled down, you might explain that "I'm angry" or "I'm disappointed" are better alternatives.

How you ultimately interpret your child's behavior depends completely on understanding all the facts and background of what your dealing with. I hope this helps get you closer to that understanding.  At this age children have simple responses or expressions and they tend to repeat what they've heard, learned by observing their parents, siblings and surroundings so far in their short lives.

Thomas Zerbarini

I am a full time working father of a 1-year-old girl and 3-year-old son.  Recently, my 3-year-old-son has been telling me he doesn't love...

What is it like to be in an aircraft lavatory during turbulences or cabin decompression?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Reading your question immediately brought me back to my teen years and a funny story.

When I was a teenager, I would travel occasionally on Delta Air Lines and Eastern Airlines between New York and Tampa Florida. I loved it. I would look forward to every second of each trip from packing to unpacking. It was clear, flying was in my blood.

One of my pre-planning tasks I would do was keep an eye on the weather for the days leading up to my trip. I loved the bumpy rides and look forward to finding out there would be pop up thunderstorms forecast for my flight. As any regular flyer knows, during the summer months in Florida there are almost always cumulus clouds and scattered thunderstorms from 3pm to 7pm. So, on this particular hot summer flight from New York to Tampa I knew it was going to be a fun ride over Florida.

On the day of my flight, I was sure to get a back seat where the bumps, swinging and swaying would be felt the most. Unfortunately, that's where the smoking section was back then too. Yuk! The takeoff, climb and cruise were smooth and uneventful. A huge meal was served, check this out:

except I remember a chocolate layer cake that day. Anyway, the descent came a little early because the Stewardesses (we call them flight attendants now) were collecting trays and drinks early. A sure sign that the fun would be starting soon.

The captain came on just as we were beginning our descent and turned on the seat belt sign stating that we'll have some turbulence on our descent. Immediately following his announcement, the Stewardesses finished collecting everything and took their seats. My face was buried in the window trying to catch a glimpse of the clouds we were approaching. Just as I saw the first glimpse of some pretty large cumulus formations I smiled and looked into the cabin to see if anyone else was sharing the same joy I was feeling. Wouldn't you know it, as I was smiling away a young women walked passed my seat heading to the bathroom. I tried to say something but she had already passed. I had a really good idea what was to happen next.

As soon as we entered the billowing clouds we were being tossed about like a rag in the wind. I enjoyed every moment; but, all I could think about was that poor women in the lavatory that decided to ignore the seat belt sign and not head the Captains warning to the expected turbulence.

After about 10 minutes of the whoops-e-daisy's, the young lady finally came out of the lav. She was completely soaked with, well use your imagination. I could tell she was embarrassed an nobody said a thing. I thought to myself, how many times I've seen folks ignore those seat belt signs and directions from the crew to stay in your seats and keep your seat belt fastened when things were going to get rough.

The real impressive thing was that the stewardesses also had the same judgmental thoughts I did; yet, they kept their composer and were completely professional and accommodating. They did everything they could to clean her up and make her feel comfortable so that she wouldn't leave the plane all disheveled. A real class operation and dedication to customer service I thought as a youngster.

The moral to the story I suppose would be to listen and follow the guidance and direction from the flight and cabin crew. It may seem repetitive and routine. We [pilots] can't alway predict every moment that turbulence or and emergency will occur. We shy on the safe side most of the time to ensure your safety. So, head our warnings and guidance. One out of Ten times we'll be right and you'll be glad you kept your seatbelt on.

Fly Safe!

Thomas Zerbarini

What is it like to be in an aircraft lavatory during turbulences or cabin decompression?

What happens to airline pilots when the plane they are type-rated to is retired by the airline?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

The scenario you are asking about is called "displacement." The current aircraft you are flying is being retired so all pilots assigned to that aircraft are displaced to other equipment, seats and/or bases that their seniority can hold.

Displacements work in inverse seniority order unless a senior pilot voluntarily chooses to be displaced first.

What will happen is a trickle down effect as pilots move around to different aircraft. Other pilots will be negatively affected now that there is a reduction in equipment unless the airline is replacing the retired aircraft with other aircraft. Either way the displaced crews to different aircraft will have to go through training to be qualified and typed on the different equipment.

New type training typically takes two to three months to complete. Here is a link to that process previously answered.

What is the process for an airline pilot transitioning to a different type aircraft?

Thomas Zerbarini

What happens to airline pilots when the plane they are type-rated to is retired by the airline?

If a parent constantly overrules the other parent's rules, what effect does this have on children?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

If a parent constantly overrules the other parent's in rules, discipline,  general acceptable behavior, etc... you have a recipe for a disastrous and disrespectful family unit.

If the parents do not respect each other, especially in front of their children, you are teaching the child to also disrespect the parents. This can also set up the behavior pattern for the child to disrespect the babysitter, teachers, group leaders and so on.

Parents will do this consciously or subconsciously to control the environment, establish authority over others, or use as a passive aggressive tool against the other parent. It leads to fighting and all parents should Stop Fighting In Front of the Kids.

Parents also use it during divorce to alienate the other parent and turn children against the other parent.

There are some great resources out there to help with this and similar situations. Most of what you will find out there talks about co-parenting in divorce; but, the techniques can be used to help a marriage and communicate better. Even Dr Phil has some great advice with Do's and Don'ts Co-Parenting with Your Ex:

As hard as it may be, sit down with your ex and make a commitment to set boundaries about your new relationship as co-parents.

Don'ts:

• Never sabotage your child's relationship with the other parent.
• Never use your child as a pawn to get back at or hurt your ex.
• Never use your child to gain information or to manipulate and influence your ex.
• Never transfer hurt feelings and frustrations toward your ex onto your child.
• Never force your child to choose a side when there's a conflict in scheduling or another planning challenge.
• Never turn family events into pressure cookers.
• Never depend too much on your child for companionship and support because you're hurt and lonely.
• Never treat your child like an adult because you're lonely or just want help.
• Never become so emotionally needy that your child develops feelings of guilt if he or she spends time with others.
• Never convert guilt into overindulgence when it comes to satisfying your child's material desires.

There are two important rules concerning children during times of crisis and instability in your family:

1. Do not burden your children with situations they cannot control. Children should not bear such a responsibility. It will promote feelings of helplessness and insecurity, causing them to question their own strengths and abilities.

2. Do not ask your children to deal with adult issues. Children are not equipped to understand adult problems. Their focus should be on navigating the various child development stages they go through.

Dos:

• Commit to learn, adopt and apply all the principles set forth in Family First.
• Sit down with your ex and make an affirmative plan that sets aside any differences you may have and focuses instead on meeting the needs of your children.
• Agree with your ex that you absolutely won't disparage each other to your children. Further, forbid your children to speak disrespectfully about the other parent, even though it may be music to your ears.
• Negotiate and agree on how you can best handle such things as handing off the children for visitation, holidays, or events.
• Agree on boundaries and behavioral guidelines for raising your children so that there's consistency in their lives, regardless of which parent they're with at any given time.
• Negotiate and agree on the role extended family members will play and the access they'll be granted while your child is in each other's charge.
• Communicate actively with your ex about all aspects of your child's development.
• Recognize that children are prone to testing a situation and manipulating boundaries and guidelines, especially if there's a chance to get something they may not ordinarily be able to obtain.
• Compare notes with your ex before jumping to conclusions or condemning one another about what may have happened.
• Although it may be emotionally painful, make sure that you and your ex keep each other informed about changes in your life circumstances so that the child is never, ever the primary source of information.
• Commit to conducting yourself with emotional integrity.
  

Focus your efforts on what your children need most during this difficult time: acceptance, assurance of safety, freedom from guilt or blame for their parents' break up, structure, a stable parent who has the strength to conduct business and the ability to just be a kid.

For more, read Post-Divorce Parenting Mistakes and Strategies or pick up your copy of Family First: Your Step-by-Step Plan for Creating a Phenomenal Family.

Also, check out Effective Co-Parenting, Part Two for great guidelines for cooperation in a marriage or divorce.

Thomas Zerbarini

If a parent constantly overrules the other parent's rules, what effect does this have on children?

Should I have another child?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

If that's what you really want to do and your kids and partner are in line with your baby fever, their really shouldn't be a reason why not if you're given the green light by your physicians.

You may want to consider the long term effects of your decision like college years for all your children and your personal retirement. What are your plans for you and your partner?

Thomas Zerbarini

Should I have another child?

What is the process for an airline pilot transitioning to a different type aircraft?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Dave and Tim have great answers to: What is the process for an airline pilot transitioning to a different type aircraft? I'd like to add one point myself to the answers if I may.

At the completion of Initial Operating Experience (IOE) in the seat and type you are upgrading and/or transitioning to, a new captain may have a few restrictions on him (by the airline, FAA or both per company operating procedures) until he gets settled into his new aircraft/seat. Additionally, there are CFAR pairing restriction for new captains and FO's. which are:

Code of Federal Regulations

§121.438   Pilot operating limitations and pairing requirements.
(a) If the second in command has fewer than 100 hours of flight time as second in command in operations under this part in the type airplane being flown, and the pilot in command is not an appropriately qualified check pilot, the pilot in command must make all takeoffs and landings in the following situations:
(1) At special airports designated by the Administrator or at special airports designated by the certificate holder; and
(2) In any of the following conditions:
(i) The prevailing visibility value in the latest weather report for the airport is at or below  3⁄4 mile.
(ii) The runway visual range for the runway to be used is at or below 4,000 feet.
(iii) The runway to be used has water, snow, slush or similar conditions that may adversely affect airplane performance.
(iv) The braking action on the runway to be used is reported to be less than “good”.
(v) The crosswind component for the runway to be used is in excess of 15 knots.
(vi) Windshear is reported in the vicinity of the airport.
(vii) Any other condition in which the PIC determines it to be prudent to exercise the PIC's prerogative.

(b) No person may conduct operations under this part unless, for that type airplane, either the pilot in command or the second in command has at least 75 hours of line operating flight time, either as pilot in command or second in command. The Administrator may, upon application by the certificate holder, authorize deviations from the requirements of this paragraph (b) by an appropriate amendment to the operations specifications in any of the following circumstances:
(1) A newly certificated certificate holder does not employ any pilots who meet the minimum requirements of this paragraph.
(2) An existing certificate holder adds to its fleet a type airplane not before proven for use in its operations.
(3) An existing certificate holder establishes a new domicile to which it assigns pilots who will be required to become qualified on the airplanes operated from that domicile.
[Doc. No. 27210, 60 FR 20870, Apr. 27, 1995]

Thomas Zerbarini

What is the process for an airline pilot transitioning to a different type aircraft?

What is the difference between the security procedure for those flying private jets and the security procedure for those flying commercial?

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

Let me simply say that you are being watched. Some areas more than others.

It would be bad form to discuss security procedures for our transportation system. It is held on a need to know basis just as any security protocol would be in today's environment.

I would stick to research on the available public government documents via the internet to find answers to your questions there. I would keep your curiosity limited to traveler information:

Traveler Information

and, Tom's reference to Security Guidelines for General Aviation Airports

Page on tsa.gov

The TSA mission and vision are very clear. Protect the Nation's transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce. Provide the most effective transportation security in the most efficient way as a high performing counterterrorism organization.

As you can see, the TSA is a counterterrorism organization with vast resources at its disposal. Even though it can be frustrating at times to deal with, I very glad we have them there to protect our aviation infrastructure.

Thomas Zerbarini

What is the difference between the security procedure for those flying private jets and the security procedure for those flying commercial?

How can I expose my 6 year old to those who are significantly less fortunate without creating fear or putting him in danger? He already s...

Answer by Thomas Zerbarini:

This can be a very tough question to answer. There are so many variable that play into a child's behavior. I would suggest working on his sense of entitlement and expectations.

We are clearly in an age of entitlement and our children are growing up in it.  Here's a great article from Grand Parents .com that looks at and give fantastic strategies at handling children's expectations.

How to Manage Kids' Expectations - In an Age of Entitlement

My favorite strategy is the gift giving strategy. I feel very strongly that gifts should be surprises and not simply a result of child's request, especially if the child is pestering or demanding the gift. Of course we want to give our kids what they want; but, a surprise fulfillment means so much more. I'll also wait for a big accomplishment in school or change in behavior to give those gifts.

My second thought is to develop the child's generosity in sharing. Not to give it all away, just to give and be nice to those who have less. Couple this with volunteer work from time to time like food drives for church/boy scouts, toys for tots, veteran monument cleanups, Make a Wish, Canines for Kids, etc...

There are so may great non-profit groups that kids could get involved with at any age to help raise funds or just spend time with other less fortunate children.

Thomas Zerbarini

How can I expose my 6 year old to those who are significantly less fortunate without creating fear or putting him in danger? He already s...